Flood Hazard Mapping of North-Western Part of Bangladesh Using Geographic Information Tools

H. M. Rasel, Prosenjit Datta, Rana Sarker, ABM Shafkat Hossain, Md. Sohel Rana

Abstract

Bangladesh is a country prone to flooding. Each and every year flood has occurred during rainy season in Bangladesh at some district mainly coastal area, haor basin, Ganges river basin, Brahmaputra river basin, Jamuna river basin, Meghna river basin etc. One of the famous districts of Bangladesh is Rajshahi district, because of the bad impact of the river flood. River floods carry sediment which deposits over the bed of the river and decrease the depth of the flow water. A flood hazard map will be developed in this study to help the peoples of Rajshahi district during the river flood to keep them safe from the disaster. This study will compile the factors for flood vulnerability, predicting the future flood scenario along with a list of recommendations for good institutional arrangements in the study area, so that disadvantaged people can receive assistance in a timely and effective manner during the flood. Geographic Information System (GIS) tool of version 10.8 is used in this study. To do as such, use SPOT and SRTM DEMs information for which precision evaluation is accomplished by utilizing actually take a look at focuses. The significant findings of this study demonstrate that river flooding occurs every year, especially 15 to 20 days before harvesting, as well as it is a highly dangerous event in the lives of the inhabitants in this area. Finally, in ArcMap, all of the data is integrated to provide a final flood hazard map for the research area.

Conclusion

A single model flood map and GIS technique were used to evaluate inundation hazard for the Ganges River floodplain. The findings of the study provide a method for measuring the prospect for flooding in the research area, which may be used to predict the damaging effects of impending floods. Flood hazard assessments were accepted, and flood hazard maps for the research region were created using a model simulated flood depth map from 2019. The inundation hazard maps generated for each administrative Upazilla. These categories of map support the appropriate persons for well realize the flood behaviour of the flood affected area. The outcomes discussed of their search deliver very important evidence for inundation monitoring progress, and the formation and progress of flood measurement in the utmost flood hazardous zone in Ganges River floodplain. The most flood-prone Upazilla in the study region, according to map of flood hazard on the administrative unit map are Bagmara, Bagha, and Charghat due to the inundation of the Ganges river floodplain, whereas Tanore, Paba, Boalia, and Mohonpur are less flood-prone. For the flood affected areas several numbers of institutional building and other infrastructures are chosen that have potential to be used as shelter house during severe flood. A shelter was thought to be an existing school, hospital, or government building. The Ganges River floodplain has a very high flood extent. As a result, early warning systems and mitigating measures must be implemented in these locations. As a result, policymakers and development planners can use the findings of this study to develop appropriate early warning systems and flood mitigation measures, reducing the effects of flooding on the livelihoods of rural small holder farmers in the study area by considering the area's spatial extent. This research provides crucial data that can help decision-makers prioritize development initiatives at the local government level. Based on the findings of this case study for the Rajshahi District, it is possible to draw the conclusion that geospatial technology offers the best potential for analysis and the provision of data necessary for efficient decision-making regarding floods. ArcGIS Model Builder's complete flood hazard and shelter model is simple enough for GIS beginners to use.

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